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Aortic Disease/Objectives |
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Discuss the immediate medical therapy for an aortic dissection and indications for emergency versus elective surgery. |
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Differentiate between an aneurysm and a dissection. |
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Discuss the various surgical options for correction of an aortic aneurysm or a dissection. |
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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy/Objectives |
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Describe the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). |
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Discuss the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of BPH. |
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List the basic work-up required before institution of medical therapy. |
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List the indications for surgical therapy and the pros and cons of different surgical approaches. |
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Breast Skills Workshop/Objectives |
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Identify and describe the major types of breast lumps: fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease, carcinoma, and cysts. |
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Demonstrate the ability to do the following: |
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Perform a breast exam. |
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Locate a lump on breast examination. |
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List the indications for surgical therapy and the pros and cons of different surgical approaches. |
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Demonstrate the ability to predict whether a breast mass is benign or malignant based upon physical examination findings and radiologic studies. |
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Accurately interpret a mammogram of a patient with a benign appearing breast mass. |
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Accurately interpret a mammogram of a patient with a carcinoma of the breast. |
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Burn Surgery/Objectives |
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Define first degree, second degree and third degree burns in relationship to skin anatomy. |
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Given a description of a patient’s burn injuries, calculate the percentage of body surface burned. |
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Briefly describe the body’s metabolic response to a burn injury. |
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Demonstrate a familiarity with the Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation by using it to calculate fluid requirements for a burn injury patient, given the total body surface area of the burn. |
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Discuss the various options available for management of the burn wound includingtopical antibiotics, biological dressings and operative debridement. |
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List the more common early and late complications of a burn injury. |
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Discuss the management of carbon monoxide poisoning. |
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Given a patient with severe burn injury, present a plan for evaluation of the patient for inhalation injury. |
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Discuss management of inhalation injuries. |
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Coronary Artery Disease/Objectives |
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Know the indications for coronary artery bypass grafting. |
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Understand the surgical concepts and expected results from coronary artery bypass grafting. |
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Discuss the indications for and physiology behind intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. |
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Cornea/Objectives |
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Discuss the management of keratitis. |
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Discuss treatment options for both acid and alkali chemical injuries. |
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List signs and symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma. |
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Death and Dying/Objectives |
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Write an essay about an experience in which you were involved with a patient dying in the hospital. Explain the circumstances. |
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How did the team as a whole handle the situation? |
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Were you able to interact with the patient and/or family members? |
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What was your reaction to the experience? |
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Were you able to debrief with anyone afterwards? |
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What did you learn about yourself that may help you to deal with a patient’s death in the future? |
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ENT Overview/Objectives |
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Discuss the viral and bacterial causes of pharyngitis and tonsillitis. |
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Recognize the typical symptoms of viral and bacterial pharyngitis. |
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List signs and symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma. |
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Describe the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis. |
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List the common causes of a mass in the neck or face. |
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Describe the initial diagnostic approach to the patient with maxillofacial trauma. |
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List the cosmetic implications in head and neck surgery. |
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List the risk factors for head and neck cancer. |
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Discuss the differential diagnosis, work-up and treatment of common head and neck infections. |
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Foot and Ankle Disorders/Objectives |
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Describe the diagnosis and treatment of ankle sprains. |
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Define the pathoanatomy, physical examination, and treatment of bunions. |
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Describe the pathoanatomy, clinical findings, and treatment of plantar fascitis. |
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Describe the pathogenesis and basic treatment principles of diabetic foot ulcers. |
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Hand Exam/Objectives |
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Describe the sensory and motor examination of the hand and its relation to injuries of the three major nerves |
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Describe the vascular examination of the hand. |
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Describe the symptoms and physical findings of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. |
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Outline the principles of treatment of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. |
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Describe the functional deficits resulting from division of the superficial and deep tendons of the fingers and the long flexor tendon of the thumb and the diagnostic techniques for demonstration of these deficits. |
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Describe the clinical presentations and significance of scaphoid fractures. |
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Describe the clinical features and indications for treatment of common hand infections (e.g. tenosynovitis, paronychia, felon). |
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Hematuria, Bladder & Kidney Cancer/Objectives |
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Know the basic evaluation of hematuria in the adult male and female. |
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Describe the different natural histories of superficial and invasive bladder cancer. |
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Know the indication for radical cystectomy in the treatment of bladder cancer. |
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Describe the appropriate radiological evaluation of a patient with an irregular renal outline on IVP. |
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List the prognostic factors for survival in renal cell carcinoma. |
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List the eight possible presenting signs and symptoms of renal cell carcinoma and why it is called the “the internist tumor.” |
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Incontinence (Urinary)/Objectives |
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Describe the basic neurophysiology of bladder storage and emptying. |
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Describe the basic terminology and definitions of voiding dysfunction. |
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Classify voiding dysfunction into failure to store and failure to empty. |
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Discuss the basic work-up for urinary incontinence and associated lower urinary tract voiding disorders, as well as the specific indications for more advanced tests such as videourodynamics. |
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Describe the various treatment options for urinary incontinence, including surgery and pharmacotherapy. |
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Intracranial Pressure/Objectives |
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Define intracranial pressure (ICP) |
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List two reasons for ICP monitoring |
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Discuss the Monro-Kellie hypothesis in relation to ICP |
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Identify signs and symptoms of ICP |
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Discuss the concept of cerebral autoregulation |
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List four patient indications for ICP monitoring |
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State normal/abnormal ICP and CPP values |
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Discuss medical interventions utilized in reducing ICP |
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Joints/Objectives |
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Discuss the basic understanding of arthroplasty including longevity, limitations and complications. |
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List the absolute and relative contraindications for joint replacement surgery. |
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List osteotomy indications. |
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Neurosurgery Emergencies/Objectives |
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Define epidural, subdural and intracranial hematomas and discuss their etiologies, characteristics and management. |
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Discuss the potential consequences of failure to decompress the cauda equine with cauda equine syndrome. |
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Discuss clinical signs/symptoms and workup of cerebral aneurysms. |
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Ocular Emergencies/Objectives |
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Discuss the causes, signs/symptoms, complications and treatment of the following: |
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Chemical burns |
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Ruptured globe |
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Hyphema |
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Orbital trauma |
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Lid lacerations |
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Corneal abrasion and foreign bodies |
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Red eye |
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Cellulitis |
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Sudden visual loss |
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Contact lens problems |
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Orthopedic Pediatric/Objectives |
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List the differential diagnosis, causes, and treatment for intoeing. |
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Describe the recognition of the following hip disorders: |
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Developmental dysplasia (DDH) |
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Slipped capital femoral (SCFE) |
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Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) |
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Describe the difference between genu varum (bowlegs) and genu valgus (knock-
knees). |
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Discuss the clinical findings in scoliosis and its treatment. |
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Orthopedic Trauma/Objectives |
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Define fractures (open and closed), subluxations and dislocations. |
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Describe the clinical and radiological features of fractures and dislocations. |
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Outline management priorities. |
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List associated complications: vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal. |
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Discuss diagnosis and management of compartment syndrome. |
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List complications of cast immobilization of acute extremity injuries. |
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Pediatric Urology/Objectives |
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Discuss the basic treatment indications for hypospadias. |
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Discuss the incidence, risk and prognosis of testicular cancer. |
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Describe the management of palpable and nonpalpable undescended testis. |
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Recognize the presenting systems of urinary tract infection in children from one month to 12 years of age. |
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Describe the conditions commonly associated with urinary tract infection in children. |
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Prostate Cancer/Objectives |
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Review the epidemiology and risk factors for prostate cancer. |
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Discuss the pros and cons of screening. |
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Discuss the basics of prostate cancer treatment. |
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Red Eye/Objectives |
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Perform the nine diagnostic steps in evaluating a patient with a “red” eye. |
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List the common causes of “red” eye, especially those conditions that are threatening to loss of sight. |
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Acute glaucoma |
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Acute iritis |
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Ophthalmitis |
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Recognize the danger signs of “red” eye. |
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Describe the treatment for those cases that you can manage and be able to recognize the more serious problems that should be referred. |
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Describe serious complications of prolonged use of topical anesthetic drops and of corticosteroids. |
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Spine/Objectives |
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List and discuss common causes of cervical pain and low back pain. |
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Describe the symptoms and signs and outline the diagnostic workup for a patient with cervical and/or lumbar disc herniation. |
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Describe discogenic disease and spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine. |
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List which reflexes, muscles, and dermatones are associated with each of the nerve Roots. |
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Stone Disease/Nephrolithiasis/Objectives |
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Know the most common presenting signs and symptoms of kidney stones and the initial evaluation steps to make the diagnosis. |
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Describe the treatment options for a patient with urinary tract calculi. |
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Discuss the pathophysiology of calcium and non-calcium stones. |
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Surgical Infections/Objectives |
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List the factors which contribute to infection following a surgical procedure. |
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List the types of surgical infections. |
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Discuss the pathophysiology of calcium and non-calcium stones. |
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Describe the diagnostic features and indicated treatment for two common skin infections, cellulitis and abscess. |
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Discuss four common hand infections and describe the treatment for each. |
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Describe the clinical features and treatment of anaerobic and synergistic gangrene. |
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List the causes of postoperative fever and discuss the diagnostic steps for evaluation. |
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Describe the diagnostic evaluation for intra abdominal abscess. |
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Valvular Heart Disease/Objectives |
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Discuss the pathophysiology of stenosis or regurgitation for aortic and mitral valve disease. |
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Differentiate risks/benefits of choosing a mechanical versus a biologic valve prosthesis. |
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List the indications for surgical replacement/repair of a diseased valve. |
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Discuss the risk/benefit ratio of chronic oral anticoagulation. |
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Follow a logical treatment algorithm for a patient with acute versus subacute bacterial endocarditis. |
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