A. PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name
Murad Ookhtens, Ph.D.

Business Address
USC School of Medicine
MMR-428
1333 San Pablo St.
Los Angeles, CA 90033

Business Telephone
(323) 442-1783

B. EDUCATION

High School: Kooshesh-Davidian Armenian High School Teheran, Iran, Diploma, 1959

Universities: University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Electrical Engineering, B.S., 1964
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Electrical Engineering, M.S., 1970
Biomedical Engineering, Ph.D., 1974

Research Assistantship: Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, USC Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, 1972-1973

Fellowship Awards: Pre-doctoral NIH Fellowship USC Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1968-1972
Post-doctoral, NIH Fellowship (NRSA), UCLA Department of Medicine, 1977-1980

C. PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND

Industrial appointments:

Data Processing and Computer Operations Specialist, Geophysical Services, Inc., Inglewood, CA, 1966-1969

Associate Research Scientist & Principal Investigator, R&D Department, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 1974-1975

Academic and Research appointments:

Post-graduate Research Biomathematician/Biomathematical Statistician UCLA Department of Medicine/VA Wadsworth Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, 1975-1977

Assistant Research Professor, UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 1979-1982

Associate Research Professor, UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 1983-1985

Associate Adjunct Professor, UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 1985-1989

Adjunct Professor, UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 1989-1990

Biomedical Engineer (GS-13), Research Service VA Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 1982-1988

Research Scientist (Centralized Position, GS-14) VA Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 1988-1990 VA Los Angeles Outpatient Clinic, Los Angeles, CA, 1990-1995

Associate Professor, USC Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 1990-present

Teaching and Training responsibilities:

Coordinator of faculty and Instructor in an annual lecture/demonstration series : "Introduction to Research Methodology, Techniques and Instrumentation," for Fellows of UCLA/VA Wadsworth Integrated Training Program in Digestive Diseases, 1986-1990.

Individual instruction/guidance and supervision (at the bench) of GI fellows, post-doctoral trainees and medical students, including presentations in weekly research-in progress/journal club, seminars, etc. in: Liver Research Laboratory, VA Wadsworth Med. Center, 1982-1990 and Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Laboratories, USC Dept. of Medicine, 1990-present.

Administrative and Committee appointments:

Associate Director, Liver Research Laboratory, Dr. Neil Kaplowitz, Director VA Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 1985-1990 (Laboratory with 20-25 personnel: 8 M.D., 6 Ph.D. level investigators, visiting scientists, post-doctoral fellows, affiliated investigators, technicians and students).

Member, Center for Ulcer Research and Education (CURE) Computer Committee, UCLA & V.A. Wadsworth, 1988-1990.

Associate Director (Research), Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Division, Dr. Neil Kaplowitz, Director. USC Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 1990-present

Chief, Gastrointestinal and Liver Research Laboratories. USC Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 1990-present

Member, Space and Equipment Committee, Research Service, VA Los Angeles Outpatient Clinic, 1990-1995.

Member, R & D Committe, VA Los Angeles Outpatient Clinic, 1993-present.

Co-Director, Cell Organelle Core, USC Liver Disease Research Center, 1995-present.

Member, Executive Committee, USC Liver Disease Research Center, 1995-present.

Military service:

None

Other activities or employment:

Ad hoc reviewer for:
American Journal of Physiology
Hepatology
Pharmacology
Biochemical Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Research
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering

Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School of Hollywood, Los Angeles, CA (pre-K to 12th grade with student body of 700): Member, Board of Trustees, 1987-1990
Chairman, Administrative Reorganization Committee, 1987-1990
Chairman, Tuition Deferment Committee, 1987-1990
Member, Education Committee, 1987-1992

General Partner, AMO Properties, Ltd., Glendale, CA A California limited partnership in real estate development, 1989-1992

D. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS

American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)
American Aging Association (AGE)
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES)

E. CONSULTANTSHIPS

Education Council of the Armenian Schools of the Western Prelacy of North America, 1989-1992

F. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Complete bibliography:

Appended

Major areas of research interest:

Mechanisms of change in hepatic and interorgan glutathione metabolism in aging
Hepatic glutathione turnover, transport, regulation and detoxification processes
Mechanisms and driving forces of sinusoidal and biliary glutathione transport
Zonal aspects of hepatic structure-function
Tracer-kinetic applications in vivo and in vitro (perfused organ, isolated cells, vesicles)
Mathematical and computer modeling/simulation of biological processes/systems

Research in progress:

1. Effect of age on synthesis, turnover and transport of hepatic glutathione and interorgan glutathione and thiol-disulfide homeostasis (P.I. on NIH-funded grant).

2. Expression cloning of hepatic sinusoidal and canalicular glutathione transporters (collaborative).

3. Transport of glutathione across the blood-brain barrier (collaborative).

4. Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the hepatic cytosol and mitochondrial glutathione transport (collaborative).

5. Signal transduction mechanisms modulating hormonal regulation of glutathione efflux from hepatocytes (collaborative).

Research grants in past five years:

Direct Costs (total period)

Principal Investigator:

Active:

1. Effect of Age on the Hepatic and Interorgan Glutathione Metabolism; $290,000 VA Merit Review Award: 4/1/91-3/31/95.

2. Aging on Turnover and Efflux of Hepatic Glutathione; $ 525,000 NIH (NIA), HEW, RO1 AG-07467 5/1/88-4/30/95.

Awarded: (competitive renewal of No. 2 above)

3. Effect of Aging on Interorgan Glutathione Homeostasis $790,000 NIH (NIA), HEW, RO1 AG-07467: 5/1/95-4/30/00

PEER REVIEWED:

Papers published:

1. Ookhtens M, Marsh DJ, Smith SW, Bergman RN and Yates FE. Fluctuations of plasma glucose and insulin in conscious dogs receiving glucose infusions. Am. J. Physiol. 226:910-919, 1974.

2. Baker N, Sandborg C, Morris D and Ookhtens M. Competition for host essential and nonessential fatty acids by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Cancer Res. 37:2218-2225, 1977.

3. Baker N, Hill V and Ookhtens M. Regulation of plasma free fatty acid mobilization by dietary glucose in Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Res. 38:2372-2377, 1978.

4. Ookhtens M and Baker N. Fatty acid oxidation to H2O by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Cancer Res. 39:973-980, 1979.

5. Ookhtens M and Baker N. Evaluation of impaired triglyceride fatty acid transport and oxidation for the detection of cancer in mice. Cancer Res. 39: 5118-5123, 1979.

6. Kannan R, Ookhtens M and Baker N. Compartmental analysis of linoleate and palmitate turnover in a murine carcinoma. Cancer Res 40:2447-2454, 1980.

7. Lyon I, Kannan R, Ookhtens M and Baker N. Turnover and transport of plasma very low density lipoprotein triglycerides in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Cancer Res. 42:132-138, 1982.

8. Ookhtens M and Baker N. Essential and nonessential fatty acid oxidation in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Lipids 17:65-71, 1982.

9. Ookhtens M and Baker N. Incomplete free fatty acid oxidation by ascites tumor cells under low oxygen tension. Am. J. Physiol. 244:R84-R92, 1983.

10. Ookhtens M, Kannan R, Lyon I and Baker N. Liver and adipose tissue contributions to newly formed fatty acids in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Am. J. Physiol. 247: Rl46-Rl53, l984.

11. Aw TW, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of glutathione efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes by methionine. J. Biol. Chem. 259:9355-9358, l984.

12. Nademanee K N, Kannan R, Hendrickson J, Ookhtens M, Kay l and Singh BN. Amiodarone-digoxin interaction: Clinical significance, time course of development, potential pharmacokinetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 4: lll-ll6, l984.

13. Kannan R, Ookhtens M, Chopra IJ and Singh BN. Effects of chronic administration of amiodarone on kinetics of metabolism of iodothyronines. Endocrinology ll5:l7l0-l7l6, l984.

14. Ookhtens M, Hobdy K, Corvasce MC, Aw TY and Kaplowitz N. Sinusoidal efflux of glutathione in the perfused rat liver: Evidence for a carrier-mediated process. J. Clin. Invest. 75:258-265, l985.

15. Sugimoto M, Kuhlenkamp JF, Ookhtens M, Aw TY, Reeve J. Jr. and Kaplowitz N. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a substrate for glutathione S-transferase. Biochem. Pharm., 34:3643-3647, l985.

16. Ookhtens M, Montisano D, Lyon I. and Baker N. Inhibition of fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue triglycerides in Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Res. 46:633-638, l986.

17. Aw TY, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Kinetics of glutathione efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 250:G236-G243, l986.

18. Aw TY, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Mechanism of inhibition of glutathione efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes by methionine. Am. J. Physiol. 251:G354-G361, 1986.

19. Ookhtens M, Montisano D, Lyon I and Baker N. Transport and metabolism of extracellular free fatty acids in adipose tissue of fed and fasted mice. J. Lipid Res. 28:528-539, 1987.

20. Ookhtens M, Lyon I and Kaplowitz N. Effect of age on the sinusoidal release of hepatic glutathione from the perfused rat liver. Biochem. Pharm. 36:4015-4017, 1987.

21. Aw TY, Ookhtens M, Kuhlenkamp J and Kaplowitz N. Trans-stimulation and driving forces for GSH transport in sinusoidal membrane vesicles from rat liver. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 143:377-382, 1987.

22. Takikawa H, Ookhtens M, Stolz A and Kaplowitz N. Cyclical oxidation-reduction of the C3-position on bile acids catalyzed by 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: II. Studies in the prograde and retrograde perfused rat liver and inhibition by indomethacin. J. Clin. Invest. 80:861-866, 1987.

23. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytic glutathione: Compartmentation, efflux and response to incubation with ethanol. J. Clin. Invest. 80:57-62, 1987.

24. Lyon I, Ookhtens M, Montisano D and Baker N. Fat pad triacylglycerol fatty acid loss and oxidation as indices of total body triacylglycerol fatty acid mobilization and oxidation in starving mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 958:188-198, 1988.

25. Fernandez-Checa J, Ren C, Aw, TY, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Effect of membrane potential and cellular ATP on glutathione efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 255:G403-G408, 1988.

26. Ookhtens M, Fernandez-Checa J, Lyon I and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of glutathione efflux in the perfused rat liver and isolated hepatocytes by organic anions and bilirubin: Kinetics, sidedness and molecular forms. J. Clin. Invest. 82:608-616, 1988.

27. Shambhi MP, Kannan R, Thananopavarn C, Ookhtens M and Gudenzi M. Therapeutic tolerance, hemodynamic effects and oral dose kinetics of dilazep dihydrochloride in hypertensive patients. J. Pharm. Sci. 78:281-284, 1989.

28. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytic glutathione: Relationship of cytosolic GSH to efflux and mitochondrial sequestration. J. Clin. Invest., 83: 1247-1252, 1989.

29. Kannan R, Chopra IJ, Ookhtens M, Singh BN. Effect of amiodarone on non-deiodinative pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism. Acta Endocrin., 122(2):249-254, 1990.

30. Fernandez-Checa J, Maddatu T, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of GSH efflux from rat liver by methionine: Effects of GSH synthesis in cells and perfused organ. Am. J. Physiol., 258:G967-G973, 1990.

31. Kannan R, Kuhlenkamp J, Jeandidier E, Trinh H, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Evidence for carrier-mediated transport of glutathione across the blood-brain barrier in the rat. J. Clin. Invest., 85:2009-2013, 1990.

32. Lu SC, Garcia-Ruiz C, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M, Salas-Prato M and Kaplowitz N. Hormonal regulation of GSH efflux: Studies in cultured rat hepatocytes and perfused liver. J. Biol. Chem., 265:16088-16095, 1990.

33. Fernandez-Checa J, Garcia-Ruiz C, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Impaired uptake of glutathione by hepatic mitochondria from chronic ethanol-fed rats: Tracer kinetic studies in vitro and in vivo and susceptibility to oxidant stress. J. Clin. Invest. 87:397-405, 1991.

34. Takikawa H, Fernandez-Checa J, Kuhlenkamp J, Stolz A, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Effect of indomethacin on the uptake, metabolism and excretion of 3-oxocholic acid: studies in isolated hepatocytes and perfused rat liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1084:247-250, 1991.

35. Ookhtens M and Maddatu T. Mechanism of changes in hepatic sinusoidal and biliary glutathione efflux with age. Am. J. Physiol., 261:G648-G656, 1991.

36. Saiki H, Chan ET, Wong E, Yamamuro W, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Zonal distribution of cysteine uptake in the perfused rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 267:192-196, 1992.

37. Fernandez-Checa J, Takikawa H, Horie T, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Canalicular transport of GSH in normal and mutant Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats. J. Biol. Chem. 267:1667-1673, 1992.

38. Kannan R, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Transport of glutathione at blood-brain barrier of the rat: Inhibition by glutathione analogs and age-dependence. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 263:964-970, 1992.

39. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Selective induction by phenobarbital of the electrogenic transport of glutathione and organic anions in rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 268:10836-10841, 1993.

40. Sze G, Kaplowitz N, Ookhtens M and Lu S L. Bidirectional membrane transport of intact GSH in HEPG2 cells. Am. J. Physiol. 265:G1128-G1134, 1993.

41. Ookhtens M, Mittur A and Erhart N. Changes in plasma glutathione concentrations, turnover and disposal in developing rats. Am. J. Physiol., 266: R979-R988, 1994.

42. Ookhtens M and Mittur A. Developmental changes in plasma thiol-disulfide turnover in rats: A multicompartmental approach. Am. J. Physiol. 267:R415-R425, 1994.

43. Lu SC, Sun WM, Yi J, Ookhtens M, Sze G and Kaplowitz N. Role of two recently cloned rat liver GSH transporters in the ubiquitous transport of GSH in mammalian cells. J. Clin. Invest. 97:1488-1496, 1996.

44. Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, Fernandez-Checa J, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Evidence that interference with binding to hepatic cytosol binders can inhibit bile acid excretion in rats. Hepatology 23:1642-1649, 1996.

Submitted, under revision and/or in preparation:

45. Mittur A and Ookhtens M. Maturational changes in hepatic sinusoidal and canalicular glutathione transport: Studies with membrane vesicles.

46. Mittur A, Kaplowitz N, Kempner ES and Ookhtens M. Structural and functional properties of hepatic canalicular glutathione transport revealed by radiation inactivation.

47. Mittur A, Kaplowitz N, Kempner ES and Ookhtens M. Functional characteristics and size of hepatic sinusoidal reduced glutathione transport system.

48. Ookhtens M, Maddatu T and Mittur A. Maturational changes in turnover of hepatic glutathione in the rat.

49. Ookhtens M. A method for studying hepatic turnover of endogenous compounds using the isolated perfused liver.

50. Colell A, Garcia-Ruiz C, Morales M, Ballesta A, Ookhtens M, Rodas J, Kaplowitz N and Fernandez-Checa JC. Transport of glutathione in hepatic mitochondria from ethanol-treated rats: Effect of physical membrane properties and S-adenosyl-l-methionine. Hepatology.

NON PEER REVIEWED:

1. Yates FE, Marsh DJ, Smith SW, Ookhtens M and Bergman RN. Stability of biochemical systems and the attendant data handling problem. Third Symp. Nonlin. Estim. Theory and Appl., San Diego, CA, pp. 301-310, September 11-13, 1972.

2. Yates FE, Marsh DJ, Smith SW, Ookhtens M and Bergman RN. Modeling of the metabolic systems and the attendant data handling problem. Proc. IFAC-APS Symp. Physiol. Syst., Rochester, N.Y. (Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, PA), August 22-24, 1973.

3. Ookhtens M. A review of the state of biological modeling. SDC Document No. SP-3760/000/00, 1975.

4. Ookhtens M. An overview of modeling-simulation philosophy and methods for complex systems. SDC Document No. SP-3777/000/00, 1975.

5. Marsh DJ and Ookhtens M. A dynamic nonlinear model of the system regulating plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in conscious dogs. Proc. Sum. Comp. Simul. Conf., pp. 920-923, 1975.

6. Yates FE and Ookhtens M. Models: Homologues, analogues, or metaphors. Proc. Sum. Comp. Simul. Conf., pp. 942-944, 1975.

BOOK CHAPTERS AND INVITED REVIEW ARTICLES

1. Elovson J, Baker N, Kannan R and Ookhtens M. Molecular and kinetic non-identity of apo-B peptides in two classes of rat plasma VLDL, IDL and LDL. In: Lipoprotein Kinetics and Modeling. Berman M, Grundy SM, Howard BV (eds.), Acad. Press, pp 145-156, 1982.

2. Kaplowitz N, Aw TY and Ookhtens M. The regulation of hepatic glutathione. In: Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. and Toxicol. 25:7l5-744, l985.

3. Stolz A, Takikawa H, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. The role of cytoplasmic proteins in bile acid transport. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 51:161-176, 1989.

4. Kaplowitz N, Fernandez-Checa J and Ookhtens M. Alcohol, glutathione and hepatotoxicity. In: Nutrition and the Origin of Disease. Halsted CH and Rucker RB (eds.), Acad. Press, pp 267-283, 1989.

5. Kaplowitz N, Lu S, Fernandez-Checa and Ookhtens M. Importance and regulation of hepatic glutathione. In: Progress in Liver Diseases. Popper and Schaffner (eds.), in press, 1989.

6. Kaplowitz N, Fernandez-Checa J and Ookhtens M: Hepatic GSH transport. In: Glutathione Centennial: Molecular Perspectives and Clinical Implications, Taniguchi N, Higashi T, Sakamoto Y and Meister A (eds.), Academic Press, Inc., pp 395-406, 1989.

7. Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. The use of isolated perfused liver in studies of biological transport processes. In: Meth. Enzymol. Fleischer S and Fleischer B (eds.), 192:485-495, 1990.

8. Fernandez-Checa J, Lu S, Ookhtens M, Deleve L, Runnegar M, Yoshida H, Saiki H, Kannan R, Maddatu T, Garcia-Ruiz C, Kuhlenkamp J and Kaplowitz N. The regulation of hepatic glutathione. In: Hepatic anion transport and bile secretion: physiology and pathophysiology (N. Tavaloni and P.D. Berk, eds.). Marcel Dekker, N.Y., pp 363-395, 1993.

9. Kaplowitz N, Ookhtens M and Lu S. Sinusoidal efflux of hepatic GSH: Significance, physiology and regulation. In: Biothiols in health and disease (Packer and Cadenas, eds.), Marcel Dekker, N.Y., pp 213-229, 1995.

10. Fernandez-Checa J, Yi JR, Garcia-Ruiz C, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Plasma membrane and mitochondrial transport of hepatic reduced glutathione. Seminars in Liver Disease, pp 147-58, 1996.

11. Kaplowitz N, Fernandez-Checa JC, Kannan R, Garcia-Ruiz C, Ookhtens M and Yi JR. GSH transporters: Molecular characterization and role in GSH homeostasis. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 377:267-273, 1996.

ABSTRACTS

1. Ookhtens M and Baker N. In vivo oxidation of free fatty acids by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Fed. Proc. 36:1156, 1977. (Abstract No. 4682).

2. Ookhtens M, Kannan R and Baker N. Multicompartmental modeling of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in a mouse ascites carcinoma-host system. Fed. Proc. 37:213, 1978. (Abst. No. 5).

3. Kannan R, Lyon I, Ookhtens M and Baker N. Newly synthesized fatty acids in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma: Contribution from host liver, adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis. Fed. Proc. 39:1724, 1980. (Abstract No. 636).

4. Kannan R, Ikeda N, Prasad K, Kay I, Ookhtens M and Singh B. Plasma kinetics and myocardial disposition of intravenous amiodarone relative to its electrophysiological effects in rabbits and dogs. Circulation 64:IV69, 1981.

5. Ookhtens M and Baker N. Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids (FA) by Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells. Fed. Proc. 41:1740, 1982. (Abstract No. 8598).

6. Kannan R, Tidwell D, Ookhtens M, Chopra IJ and Singh BN. Effect of chronic administration of amiodarone on kinetics of metabolism of iodothyronines (T4, T3 and reverse T3). Endocrinology 112:515 (suppl.), 1983.

7. Kannan R, Tidwell D, Ookhtens M, Chopra IJ and Singh BN. Effect of amiodarone on metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) or 3, 3', 5'-Triiodothyronine (Reverse T3) and Thyroxine (T4). Clin. Res. 31:24A, 1983.

8. Sugimoto M, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M, Aw TY, Reeve J and Kaplowitz N. Gamma-glutamyl cysteine (GC): A glutathione (GSH) precursor with a direct detoxification role. Hepatology 3: 879, l983. (Abstract No. 326).

9. Ookhtens M, Hobdy K and Kaplowitz N. Sinusoidal efflux of hepatic glutathione (GSH): Evidence for a carrier-mediated process. Hepatology 3:879, l983. (Abst. No. 325).

l0. Aw TY, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of glutathione (GSH) efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes by methionine (MET). Fed. Proc. 43(6), l778, l984.

ll. Ookhtens M, Aw TY and Kaplowitz N. Kinetics of sinusoidal efflux of hepatic glutathione. Presented at the International Association for the Study of Liver Meetings, Berne, Switzerland, Sept. 3-4, l984. (Abstract No. 89)

l2. Aw TY, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Kinetics of glutathione (GSH) efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes. Hepatology 47, l984. (Abstract No. 305).

l3. Aw TY, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Mechanism of inhibition of glutathione (GSH) efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes by methionine. Hepatology 4, l984 (Abst. No. 303).

l4. Ookhtens M, Huott M, Aw TY and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of sinusoidal efflux of hepatic glutathione by organic anions. Clin. Res. 33:96A, l985.

l5. Ookhtens, M, Aw, T, Y and Kaplowitz, N. Inhibition of the efflux of hepatic GSH by organic anions. Gastroenterology 88:l683, l985.

16. Aw TY, Ren C, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Glutathione transport in isolated rat hepatocytes and sinusoidal membrane vesicles. Hepatology 5:242, 1985.

17. Ookhtens M, Lyon I and Kaplowitz N. Effect of age on the sinusoidal efflux of hepatic glutathione (GSH) from the perfused rat liver. Hepatology 6:481, 1986.

18. Shambhi MP, Kannan R, Thananopavarn C and Gudenzi M. Oral dose pharmacokinetics, chronic blood levels and antihypertensive potency of dilazep dihydrochloride. J. Clin. Pharm. 26:558, 1986.

19. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of GSH efflux by bilirubin (BR) is from inside the hepatocyte. Clin. Res. 1987.

20. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Chronic ethanol ingestion increases hepatic GSH efflux by lowering the Km for transport. Gastroenterology 94:A539, 1988.

21. Takikawa H, Kuhlenkamp J, Stolz A, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Effect of inhibition of 3-alpha- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3a-HSD) on the hepatic handling of 3-oxo-cholic acid. Gastroenterology 94:A598, 1988.

22. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Defect in uptake of mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) in hepatocytes from chronic ethanol-fed rats. Hepatology, 1988.

23. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Inhibition of GSH efflux by bilirubin (BR) is from inside the hepatocyte. Clin. Res. 1989.

24. Kannan R, Chopra IJ, Ookhtens M and Singh BN. Effect of Amiodarone on non-deiodinative pathway of Thyroid hormone metabolism. ASBC, 1989.

25. Chan ET, Wong E, Yamamuro W, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. The zonation of hepatic extraction of cysteine and availability for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Hepatology 10:341, 1989.

26. Ookhtens M, Maddatu T, Kaplowitz N and Lyon R. Mechanism of declining hepatic GSH efflux with age in the rat. Hepatology 10:322, 1989.

27. Lu S, Salas-Prato M, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Cholera toxin stimulates GSH efflux from cultured rat hepatocytes. Clin. Res. 1989.

28. Lu S, Salas-Prato M, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Cholera toxin stimulates GSH efflux from cultured rat hepatocytes. Gastroenterology, 1989.

29. Kannan R, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Transport of glutathione across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hepatology 10:722, 1989.

30. Lu S, Garcia-Ruiz C, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Hormonal regulation of GSH efflux. Clin. Res. 38:424A, 1990.

31. Yamamuro W, Chan E, Saiki YH, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Bile duct cells contribute to bile GSH excretion in vivo. Clin. Res. 1990.

32. Fernandez-Checa JC, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Disminucion del transporte hepatico de regulation en mitochondria de rata tratada cronicamente con etanol. Estudios in vitro e in vivo. Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia, 13:152, 1990.

33. Fernandez-Checa JC, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Chronic ethanol feeding impairs the uptake of GSH by rat hepatic mitochondria in vivo., Gastroenterology, 98:A586, 1990.

34. Saiki H, Chan E, Wong E, Yamamuro W, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Unique transport of cysteine in acinar zone III. Hepatology 12:893, 1990.

35. Ookhtens M, Fernandez-Checa J, Lu S and Kaplowitz N. Hepatic glutathione transport: kinetics, regulation and effects of chronic ethanol ingestion and age. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler Z. 371:302, 1990.

36. Fernandez-Checa JC, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Disminucion del transporte hepatico de glutation en mitochondria de tratada cronicamente con etanol. Estudios in vitro e in vivo. Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia 13:152, 1990.

37. Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, Ookhtens M, Fernandez-Checa JC and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of intracellular bile acid transport by indomethacin (IND) delays biliary excretion. Hepatology 12:895, 1990.

38. Saiki H, Fernandez-Checa JC, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Preferential zone III avail-ability of cysteine: High affinity transport or metabolic trapping? Hepatology 14:419, 1991.

39. Fernandez-Checa JC, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Comparison of GSH transport in sinusoidal and canalicular membrane vesicles. Hepatology 14:423, 1991.

40. Kannan R, Kuhlenkamp JF, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Carrier-mediated transport of GSH at blood-brain barrier of the rat in vivo: Inhibitor specificity and age dependence. Clin. Res. 1992.

41. Kannan R, Kuhlenkamp JF, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Carrier-mediated transport of GSH at blood-brain barrier of the rat. Specificity and age-dependence. Fed. Proc. 1992.

42. Fernandez-Checa JC, Garcia-Ruiz C, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Effect of methionine and organic anions on the efflux of hepatic GSH. Workshop on Methionine Metabolism: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications, Granada, Spain, 1992.

43. Ookhtens M and Mittur A. Does isolated perfused liver model estimate the true rate of sinusoidal glutathione (GSH) efflux in vivo? Hepatology 18:A301, 1993.

44. Tsukahara K, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. H+ Coupled glutathione transport by rat basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles. Gastroenterology, 1994.

45. Golchini K, Yi J, Ookhtens M, Kannan R and Kaplowitz N. Ontogenic and immuno-chemical characterization of RcGshT, the putative canalicular GSH transporter. Hepatology 20:300, 1994.

46. Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, Fernandez-Checa J, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Inhibition of binding to the cytosol Y' bile acid binders (BAB) increases sinusoidal efflux and decreases excretion of bile acids in the intact liver. Gastroenterology, 1995.

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